– All formulas of the chapter at one glance.
1
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the genetic constitution in a population remains constant if there is no external influence. This statement gives us a formula that is used to solve the numerical problems of this chapter. Check the formula and the example below.
![post image](https://d223we85878hn.cloudfront.net/be51198e-82f0-4d92-a678-0aa3eced435b_640w.jpeg)
![post image](https://d223we85878hn.cloudfront.net/30624a1f-6f2f-4230-b5de-58a822600166_640w.jpeg)
![post image](https://d223we85878hn.cloudfront.net/841ba7eb-180e-4b35-bfc4-5fa2741d4201.gif)
2
Calculating Age of Fossil
After the discovery of a fossil, scientists estimate the age of that fossil. How is this done? Check the GIF below for the steps for calculating the age of a fossil.
![post image](https://d223we85878hn.cloudfront.net/042a5a29-011e-4b99-9157-a9b7c499a2e2.gif)